Educating Rita by Willy Russell :: English Literature

Instructing Rita Instructing Rita is a story composed by Willy Russell. He was conceived in Whiston, which is simply outside Liverpool. At the point when he was five his mum and father moved to Knowsley, on a domain brimming with Liverpudlians who educated him how to talk appropriately. It is around two primary characters Rita and Honest. Rita is a writing understudy at the Open University. This is a college that is utilized as a method of empowering grown-up understudies, as Rita. Forthright is a guide at the Open University however not at all like the ordinary privileged mentors forthcoming is an ordinary scruffy elderly person, this stuns Rita. Rita needed to consider and learn here, thus the dread and weight from her companions made her participate with the others around her. She didn't need to get not the same as her loved ones, nor those around her, thus obstructed the idea that she needed more from her life: I'd simply play another record or purchase another dress a' stop worryin She put this off due to the companion pressure from the other working class individuals, she would not like to appear as something else and upset them so went alongside their suspicions of ladies as low, and this set her aside for some time. Rita considers the to be class as very surprising from herself, and in spite of the fact that wouldn't like to be common laborers, doesn't feel she will be acknowledged as white collar class either. She has the possibility that all center class people are free, and generalizations, making clearing speculations. She accept they all eat wholemeal bread, greenery, and watch the BBC, as this is viewed as more mentally invigorating than ITV, the channel that a significant number of the average workers watch. This shows she generalizations certain gatherings of individuals from what she has heard, rather than her own perspectives, she doesn't stand by to become more acquainted with them previously judging. As Rita trusts herself to be modern and all around read, she has named herself after a creator. Her genuine name is Susan, however Rita Mae Earthy colored is an explicit writer, and as Rita likes her books, she ridiculously receives her name and accepts she is causing herself to appear to be more advanced, by and by demonstrating her total misjudging that explicitly unequivocal books are named acceptable writing. Such an activity again shows her guileless viewpoint and absence of abstract mindfulness toward the start of the play. There are numerous topics during the play, change is likely the most significant as it shows how an individual can create and learn in both positive and negative ways, the play demonstrates the hero changing from one extraordinary to the next, in the long run finding a glad

How to Write Essay Paragraphs

How to Write Essay ParagraphsHow to write essay paragraphs is a very important skill to master. No doubt, this is not a simple job but it requires a certain amount of thought, research and organizing that is very much necessary in order to make your written works well. In fact, writing skills are essential to being an essay writer and most people know that they need to be very creative and very skilled in order to succeed in this business. It is therefore very necessary for every student of the English language to learn how to write essay paragraphs.The first thing that you should do when learning how to write essay paragraphs is to look at various examples of how the paragraphs work and what they look like. Look at these examples and use them as a basis for your own essays. You can read the examples out to yourself. After all, you are writing and reading articles and short stories so you have to understand the way that a word or phrase looks, sounds and feels. If you can read and fo llow what you see and hear, you can create an idea on how to write essay paragraphs.There are several ways that you can use to take notes while you are writing your essay. For example, you can use a pen and paper while writing your notes. In addition, if you find that it is difficult to use the pen and paper method, you can use a computer to jot down your ideas. If you need more help, you can also hire an academic tutor who can give you some guidance on how to write essay paragraphs.Finally, consider personal observations in your essay. When writing an essay, you need to take a step back and consider the things that you have learned and experienced during the course of your life. You may not be able to remember every detail about a specific event but you can easily recall some thoughts that can help you capture those good memories that you had with your father or mother.When learning how to write essay paragraphs, you should keep in mind that you cannot rely only on what you have re ad or heard to get ideas on how to write. You need to have your own thoughts in order to think of an idea that can help you express your thoughts clearly. This is the very reason why you need to read and study as much as possible so that you can achieve this skill to become a good essay writer.Be open to any ideas that you come across while trying to learn how to write essay paragraphs. You have to ensure that you are not limiting yourself when you are developing your own thoughts in order to write a good essay. By doing this, you will be helping yourself to achieve the best results when writing an essay.Many people have ideas on how to write a great essay even after having gone through a certain incident in their lives. However, it is always better to find out some sort of help from experts when you are looking for a method to write a good essay.The last thing that you should keep in mind when learning how to write essay paragraphs is that you should always keep an open mind and do not get carried away by the same old ideas that you may find in other writers' works. Use your own ideas to develop the best essay that you can create.

Branches of Government Essay example - 1474 Words

Branches of Government 222 years ago, the United States government was created, thanks to a little document known as the Constitution. Within the Constitution, three branches of government were created; the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. Each of these branches have checks upon each other and keep the country running like a well-oiled machine. Of the three branches, the first one to be outlined in the Constitution is the Legislative branch. This branch serves many purposes regarding the formation of the nations laws. The Legislative branch, is a bicameral house, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Each of these houses have different tasks that work together to create laws for U.S. Citizens. As a team,†¦show more content†¦Then minority leader keeps their party working together, while developing criticism of the majority partys bills. The majority party leader has the task of steering its partys bills. Leaders of both the majority and minority hold two of the most impo rtant offices in the senate. The second half of Congress is the House of Representatives. The House is made up of 435 members who represent states based on population. States with more people, get more representatives. To be elected into The House, one must obtain twenty- five years of age, as well as seven years of citizenship. Once someone is elected into The House, they serve for two years, before needing to be re-elected. Over 90% of representatives are re-elected. The leaders of The House are the majority and minority leaders, whips, and the speaker of the house. The Speaker is the most powerful leader, as he or she schedules bills, refers people to committees, and decides who to recognize first on the floor. The Majority and minority leaders are top assistants to the Speaker and the floor leader of their party. Third, the whips, assist floor leaders and help to persuade people to vote in their partys favor. Everyone in Congress is given certain benefits as well as a $145,100 s alary. Some benefits include: Franking privilege, life insurance, tax breaks, free parking, health club membership and legal immunity. The next branch of government to be outlined in theShow MoreRelatedThe Branches Of The Us Government1668 Words   |  7 Pages The Branches of the US Government The structure of the United States Government created by the founding fathers is a foundation that holds the country together. It has gathered the trust of the American citizens and used it to make decisions that make America a better nation. The government is made up of three main branches, the Legislative branch, the Executive branch, and the Judicial branch. The branches are vital to America s social and political integrity and the organization is consideredRead MoreThe Major Branches Of Government Essay1258 Words   |  6 Pagesmajor branches of government consist of three parts, the Legislative Congress, the Executive Branch that being the U.S. presidency, and the judicial branches -Supreme Court and federal courts. There are also other factors of the government such as special procedural rules used in the Senate, interest groups that impact the legislative process and popular opinion and Senators’ votes, which all can limit the president’s law-making power. The Legislative Congress is the only branch of government thatRead MoreBranches of Government and UCC1558 Words   |  6 PagesBRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT AND UCC 1.FLOWCHART OF BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT The government is a single term yet comprised of several different components that collaborate to run the business of the country by making, stating, implementing and ensuring law. The US government has three branches namely legislation, executive and judiciary (Three Branches of Government, 2008). 2. DESIGNATE TWO UCC CLAUSES THAT ALIGN WITH EACH BRANCH The term UCC stands for Uniform Commercial Code that was publishedRead MoreThree Branches of Government1117 Words   |  5 PagesThree Branches of the Federal Government In May 1787, 55 delegates from 12 states, Rhode Island declined, met in Philadelphia for the Constitutional Convention. The purpose of the convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, but what occurred was the writing of the U.S. Constitution. George Washington was unanimously elected as President of the Convention. After four months of deliberations Gouveneur Morris submitted the final draft and 39 of the 55 delegate present signed the ConstitutionRead MoreBranches Of Government And The Constitution852 Words   |  4 Pages Branches of Government The United States Constitution developed the three branches of government because under the Articles of Confederation, the government did not have enough power to deal with the consist emerging problems that were occurring at the time. Such problems lead to the Constitutional Convention, which was how the three branches of government were created (The Constitution, 2015). Traditionally, the branches of government are broken up into three different aspects, which have differentRead MoreThe Branches Of The Us Government1685 Words   |  7 PagesAidan Mahoney Mr. Boxleitner AP Government 24 August 2015 The Branches of the US Government The structure of the United States Government created by the founding fathers is a foundation that holds the country together. It has gathered the trust of the American citizens and used it to make decisions that make America a better nation. The government is made up of three main branches, the Legislative branch, the Executive branch, and the Judicial branch. The branches are vital to America s social andRead MoreThe Three Branches of Government1260 Words   |  6 PagesThe Three Branches of U.S. Government The leaders at the Constitutional Convention in 1787 desired an unbiased, fair government. They believed they could keep a strong yet non-oppressive government form by creating three divided branches. The branches are the legislative, judicial and executive branches. The legislative branch is led by Congress which is split up into the Senate and the House of Representatives. The judicial branch is fronted by the Supreme Court. The executive branch is headedRead MoreThe Three Branches Of Government1266 Words   |  6 PagesThree Branches of Government The government of the United States of America is a federal constitutional republic. In layman s terms, this means that the country s national, central government and the smaller, unitary governments of the fifty states are co-equal in their power, and that the citizens of America have a say in public policies by electing representatives who voice their respective opinions. More importantly, both the central government and the state governments are subjectRead MoreThe Three Branches Of Government725 Words   |  3 PagesBranches of Government The United States Government has three branches, legislative power, executive power, and judicial power. The founders of a division of power did not want all the power to be centralized in a monarch or anyone else, so they divided the legal authority into the three branches. Legislative power creates new laws, the constitution gives this power to congress, which is made up of the senate and the house of representatives. Executive power gives the authority to enforce laws,Read MoreThree branches of government1113 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ ABSTRACT The components of the constitution are the framework for our country, and all function to give our government structure. The judicial, legislative, and executive branches are all key components that make up our government, acting independently from the others, and allowing for checks and balances in order to prevent misuse of power. Federalism affects how our government is run, and especially the criminal justice system. Within our criminal justice system the main components are law

Moments Of History Jessica Miller, Fingerlakes Community...

Moments in History Jessica Miller Fingerlakes Community College History repeats itself but there are moments that shaped American History. Many events occurred over the years that have created the views and principles for American citizens. Looking back here a few instances of things that have made a lasting impact on our culture and lifestyle of today. This is a peek in on the beginning of some of the things we take for granted every day. The birth of America or the discovery of America was the first important moment in American History. Many refer to this moment as the discovery , but â€Å"North and South Americas already had native people whom lived on the coasts of the landâ€Å", according to (Foner.p 8). The first foreign countries to settle and steal the land away from the natives were Britain, Spain, and France. Britain claimed majority of the east coasts after thousands of immigrants and settlers crossed the Atlantic Ocean to escape religion, poverty, and looked from jobs. Several migrations occurred throughout history, but early se ttlement in the Americas later formed British thirteen colonies. The thirteen colonies started in Virginia and were divided into three regions, the Northern New England, Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies. The thirteen colonies consisted of; Pennsylvania, Georgia, New York, New Jersey, North and South Carolina, Rhode Island, Delaware, Connecticut, Maryland, New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Virginia. Each of the

Computer Literacy And The Technology Essay - 1999 Words

As the world changes to become a global village thorough technological innovations, computer literacy gets considered as a very important skill to possess. This is fueled by the fact that nearly every company has become more dependent on computers and other technology to boost its business efficiency. Computer literacy is thus an important for one to understand how computers work and operate and is defined as the knowledge and capability to use computers as well as other related technology in an efficient manner. It entails the familiarity to computers and the skill of their use. Most people around the world have access to computers and other devices that can connect to the internet. It is through these gadgets that people can connect with each other, share stories and photos, interact with clients and fellow company staff using the social networks. Therefore, social network sites provide crucial computer literacy activity, as more people who use the internet learn to negotiate inter faces, personal data and user agreements. By looking at the technological and social factors that influence computer literacy practices in online networks would provide a basis for understanding the impact such sites have on people and businesses. Social network sites are the web-based services allowing people to articulate other users with a mutual connection, create a profile within a bounded system as well as view and navigate the conversations made by other users of the network system.Show MoreRelatedComputer Literacy And Technology Education Essay1415 Words   |  6 PagesCOMPUTER LITERACY AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION Prepared for Jill Jaber Instructor Fox Valley Technical College Prepared by Andrew G Student Fox Valley Technical College December 9, 2013 â€Æ' December 9, 2013 Mrs. Jill Jaber Written Communication Instructor Fox Valley Technical College 1825 N. Bluemound Drive Appleton, WI 54912-2277 Dear Mrs. Jaber: The attached research paper, requested by Jill Jaber as required by the Written Communication curriculum at Fox Valley TechnicalRead MoreLeveraging Computer Technology for Literacy Instruction in the Classroom2385 Words   |  10 PagesComputer-Based Reading Programs for At-Risk Learners Children with disabilities face a variety of challenges when learning to read. Some students experience processing disorders, some have auditory or visual deficits, still others have gross or fine motor disabilities. Computer technology is adept at addressing all of these issues by the nature of its flexible and extensible application. As a relatively low-cost solution for providing specialized instruction, integrating computer technology isRead MoreThe Cost of Computer Literacy1209 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are the costs of computer literacy? Some people argue that there are no such costs, but I believe there are a few which may be relevant. Does computer literacy affect the way we communicate, and if so, is this necessarily a bad thing? What is our future, as computer literacy becomes a necessity? What are the personal, financial, and social costs, as computer literacy becomes a necessity?brbrAccording to Websters New World dictionary, literacy is defined as the ability to read a nd writeRead MoreThe Necessity Of Computer Literacy1039 Words   |  5 Pages2015 The Necessity of Computer Literacy The common image of schools is students sitting in a classroom and learning how to read, write, and do math. However, the reality is that the classroom needs to be rapidly changing. In the 21st century schools are changing their curriculum in order to teach students the skills they will need once they leave school. Computer literacy is a skill required for most jobs nowadays and there are many new jobs available in the field of computers, many of which pay wellRead More Are We Illiterate Essay1011 Words   |  5 PagesAre We Illiterate Literacy throughout history has been defined and redefined nearly as rapidly as new generations emerge. As we tread into the twenty first century, our generation moves to redefine literacy once again. However, unlike generations past, we are taking literacy and rapidly spanning it over new mediums that had been, until recently, unavailable. Advances in technology within the past twenty years have been so immense that the human race has literally packed up centuries of researchRead MoreThe Digital Literacy Training Program Essay1623 Words   |  7 PagesGoals and Objectives The module served as an introduction to basic computer skills. All students completing this course will be able to operate a computer, familiarize themselves with computer terms, usage and get acquainted with core areas of computer software. The students will have a better working knowledge in regards to the concepts and techniques of computer operations. Students will be better prepared to enter into the labor market and or be better prepared for today’s employment demandsRead MoreThe Digital Of Digital Literacy Essay1403 Words   |  6 PagesContext Digital literacy has been an ever steady presence in today’s society. It is time to bring digital literacy into mainstream America. It is no longer acceptable to wave aside the need for computer literacy; people more than ever need the ability to access information that can benefit them in an array of ways. In order for adults to have the ability to obtain valuable resources and services that they might be able to access, engage in critical thought involving everyday issues such as shoppingRead MoreInformation Literacy And Digital Literacy1473 Words   |  6 Pagesdigital literacy play vital roles in our society and are necessary tools for citizens to have in this growing information age. Information literacy is â€Å"the ability to recognize the extent and nature of an information need, then to locate, evaluate, and effectively use the needed information.† (â€Å"Information Literacy Definition†, n.d.) Digital literacy is â€Å"the ability to find, evaluate, utilize, share, and create content using information technologies and the Internet.† (â€Å"What is Digital Literacy?†, nRead MoreNew Media Literacies in the Classroom Essay1532 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst used, ‘literacy’ had a very traditional meaning: the ability to read and write (â€Å"Literacy,† 2011). Being literate was the norm, it was required for all and it distinguished race and class. However, as times change and culture emerges and grows, people acquire new knowledge, such as technology, that can very well be identified as literacy, or media literacy. As technology leads the 21st century, students are now expected to excel and master media literacy as well textual literacy (Jenkins, ClintonRead MoreEssay about Technology and Literacy1668 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology and Literacy According to Eric Havelock, â€Å"Greek literacy changed not only the means of communication, but also the shape of the Greek consciousness. The Greek story is self-contained, yet the crisis in the communication which it describes as taking place in antiquity acquires a larger dimension when measured against what appears to be a similar crisis in modernity† (17). In developing his conviction, Havelock focuses on the works of Homer and Hesiod: As written,

Operant and Classical Conditioning free essay sample

Dr. Pamela Allen Phobias and Addictions Phobias and addictions tint the society greatly. According to Kowalski and Westen, (2011) â€Å"Phobias are an irrational fear of a specific object or situation† (Kowalski Westen, 2011, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Operant and Classical Conditioning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 167). The National Institute of Drug Abuse indicates that the abuse of illicit drugs, tobacco, and alcohol affect the financial aspect of the nation greatly. Because of crime, lost work production and health care, the nation spends 600 million dollars annually (NIDA, 2012). According to the American Society of Addiction, (2013) â€Å"Addiction is characterized by inability to consistently abstain, impairment in behavior control, diminished recognition of significant problems with one’s behavior, and a dysfunctional emotional response† (ASAM, 2013, p. 1). Classical and operant conditioning are in relation to common phobias and present addictions Classical Conditioning vs. Operant Conditioning Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are learning styles associated with human behavior. According to Kowalski and Westen, (2011) â€Å"Classical conditioning is a procedure by which a previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after it is paired with a stimulus that automatically elicits that response† (Kowalski Westen, 2011, p. 164). Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist studied the digestive system of a canine, when he came across the discovery of classical conditioning (Kowalski Westen, 2011). In this learning experiment, he noticed that the canine salivated at the sign of food (Kowalski Westen, 2011). The canine engaged in salivating when the food was present by a ringing of a bell (Kowalski Westen, 2011). This experiment led to the canine salivating at the ringing of the bell even if there were no foods present (Kowalski Westen, 2011). Psychologists refer to this as classical conditioning (Kowalski Westen, 2011, p. 164). Counter to classical conditioning, operant conditioning is faintly diverse. According to Kowalski and Westen, (2011) â€Å"Operant conditioning is learning that results when an organism associates a response that occurs spontaneously with a particular environmental effect† (Kowalski Westen, 2011, p. 73). There are several types of operant conditioning, which include positive and negative reinforcement and punishment. An example of a positive reinforcement is a child receives a monetary reward for completing the chores. The monetary reward is the positive reinforcer. Although the differences among classical and operant conditioning are not always immedi ately forward, one can distinguish between the two learning styles by looking for a specific response (Kowalski Westen, 2011). For instance, in classical conditioning an environmental stimulus initiates a response (Kowalski Westen, 2011). Alternatively, operant conditioning produces change in the environment (Kowalski Westen, 2011). Phobias and Classical Conditioning Phobias can develop through classical conditioning. Because the classical conditioning methods pair up with a stimulus, in the same matter phobias develops. In 1920, John Watson and his colleague Rosalie Rayner performed an experiment known as the case of Little Albert (Kowalski Westen, 2011, p. 167). In this case, Watson allows Albert to play with a variety of objects such as a dog, rabbit, a rat, and a Santa clause mask (Kowalski Westen, 2011). In the beginning of the study, the objects do not frighten the child but rather he finds the objects delightful. Proceeding with the experiment, Watson bangs a steel bar directly behind the infant’s head (Kowalski Westen, 2011, p. 167). This action produces a negative effect on the child, and he begins to whimper. Soon after that, Mr. Watson begins to associate the negative noise with the objects that Albert finds delightful (Kowalski Westen, 2011, p. 167). Every time Albert places his hands on any of those objects, Dr. Watson bangs the steel bar. At the end of the experiment, Albert becomes fearful of the objects. The child began to associate the negative noise with the objects and began to touch the objects less (Kowalski Westen, 2011). According to Kowalski and Westen, (2011) â€Å"Studies since Watson and Rayner’s time have proposed classical conditioning as an explanation of some human phobias† (Kowalski Westen, 2011, p. 167). Addiction and Operant Conditioning Horvath, Misra, Amy, Cooper (1995-2013) â€Å"A substance or activity can only become addicting if it is rewarding† (Para. 2). Individuals have to find particular enjoyment in the substance or activity to abuse it (Horvath, Misra, Amy, Cooper, 1995-2013). Addiction is a human behavior that individuals can learn (Horvath, Misra, Amy, Cooper, 1995-2013). The addiction process happens because the initial gratification or enjoyment is rewarding (Horvath, Misra, Amy, Cooper, 1995-2013). In relation with the learning style, operant conditioning, behaviors that obtain recompense will always amplify (Horvath, Misra, Amy, Cooper, 1995-2013). A slight concern that arises is that substances and certain activities produce an immediate feeling of reward (Horvath, Misra, Amy, Cooper, 1995-2013). For instance, an individual who daily abuses cocaine. When the abuser uses cocaine, this produces a sense of belief in which he receives a reward. The abuser thinks that he can only feel a sense of reward by abusing the cocaine. Hence, an addiction of a substance forms. As stated before, the same concept applies as that child receives the monetary reward. Extinction and Classical and Operant Conditioning According to Kowalski and Westen, (2011) â€Å"Extinction is classical conditioning is the process by which a conditioned response is weakened by the presentation if the conditioned stimulus (Kowalski and Westen, 2011, p. 69). In other words, the state of fear would weaken, if the objects are presented without the loud noise (Kowalski and Westen, 2011). This fear and the association weaken but it not obliterated. If Watson begins to associate the loud noise with the objects, little Albert’s fear would fire up again. According to Kowalski and Westen, (2011) â€Å"The extinction in operant conditioning is the process by which the connection between an operant and the reinforcer is similarly broken† (Kowalski Westen, 2011, p. 169). For example, if a parent seizes to reward a child from completing the usual chores, the child’s drive to complete the chores will slowly diminish. This is why many people in society graduate to different heavier drugs. The extinction process is not always good in certain cases such as drug abuse. Conclusion Phobias and addictions are very evident in society. With the understanding of classical and operant conditioning, psychologists can give solution in overcoming phobias and addictions. This ultimately will make life a little better for those who suffer from phobias and addictions. References Kowalski, R. , Westen, D. (2011). Psychology (6th ed. ) Hoboken, NJ: Wiley National Institute of Drug Abuse. (2012). The Science of Drug Abuse and Addiction. Retrieved from http://www. drugabuse. gov/related-topics/trends-statistics American Society of Addiction Medicine. (2013). The Voice of Addiction Medicine. Retrieved from http://www. asam. org/for-the-public/definition-of-addiction Horvath, Misra, Amy ,Cooper, T. K. A. G. (1995-2013). Operant Conditioning and Addiction. Retrieved from http://www. sevencounties. org/poc/view_doc. php? type=docid=48410cn=1408

A Question Asked By Many People Is What Is The Difference Between Ther

A question asked by many people is What is the difference between Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism? To find the answer let us look at the history of Buddhism and compare and contrast the beliefs and philosophies of the two. The Buddah, Siddhartha Gautama, was born in the 6th century B.C.E. in Northwestern India. The Buddah was the son of an aristocrat and grew up in a world of affluence and privilege. His father, Suddhodana took every precaution to make sure Siddhartha didnt experience anything that would hurt his happiness. The Buddah attained enlightenment at the age of 35 and spent his life teaching. He taught for 45 years and only slept for about two hours a day. What he taught was called Buddha Vacana, i.e. the word of the Buddha. Three months after the Buddhas death five hundred of his disciples convened the First Council at Rajagaha. Maha Kassapa, the most respected and elderly monk, presided the council. Since members of the council were not able to agree on any changes, Maha Kassapa ruled that no rules laid down by the Buddha should be changed and no new ones should be introduced. Maha Kassapa also said If we changed the rules, people would say that Ven. Gotamas disciples changed the rules even before his funeral fire ceased burning. On hundred years later a Second Council was held and they made some changes to certain minor rules. In the 3rd Century B.C.E., the Third Council was held to discuss the difference between different sects. At the end of this Council, the President of the Council, Moggaliputta Tissa, wrote a book called the Kathavatthu refuting the heretical, false views and theories of some sects. The teaching approved by this council was known as Theravada. There was nothing known as Mahayana at this time. Between the 1st Century B.C.E. and the 1st Century A.D., the term Mahayana appeared in the Saddharma Pundarike Sutra or Sutra of the Lotus of the Good Law. About the 2nd Century A.D., Mahayana became clearly defined. Theravada and Mahayana have a lot of similarities: n Both accept Sakyamuni Buddha as the Teacher. n The Four Noble Truths are exactly the same in both schools. n The Eightfold Path is exactly the same in both schools. n The Paticca-samuppada or the Dependent Organization is the same in both schools. n Both rejected the idea of a supreme being who created and governed this world. n Both accept Anicca, Dukkha, Anatta and Sila, Samadhi, Panna without any difference. There are also some differences. The Mahayanists did not see themselves as creating a new start for Buddhism. They claimed that their canon of scriptures represented the final teachings of Buddha. They accounted for the non-presence of these teachings in over 500 years by claiming that these were secret teachings entrusted only to the most faithful followers. Like the Protestant Reformation, the overall goal of Mahayana was to extend religious authority to a greater number of people, rather than concentrating it in the hands of the few. World Civilizations, Richard Hooker, 1996. The goal of Theravada Buddhism is very hard to accomplish. In order to make Buddhism a more esoteric religion, the Mahayanists invented two grades of Buddhist attainment below becoming a Buddha. The Buddha was the highest goal, the level before that is to become a Pratyeka-Buddha which is one who is awakened to the truth but keeps it secret. Below the Pratyeka-Buddha is the Arhant or worthy; who has learned the truth from others and has come to realize it as the truth. Mahayana Buddhism establishes Arhant as the goal for all believers. The believer hears the truth, comes to realize it as the truth, then passes into Nirvana. This doctrine of Arhanthood is the basis for calling Mahayan the Greater Vehicle because it is meant to include everyone. The Mahayanists completed the conversion of Buddhism from a philosophy to a religion. Theravada Buddhism says that Buddha was a person who ceased to exist after his death. However Buddhists tended to worship him as a god of some sort, even when he was alive. The Mahayanists developed a theology of Buddha called the doctrine of The Three Bodies, or Trikaya. The Buddha was not a human being, as the Theravada Buddhists believed, but a manifestation of a